Debugging the BPF Virtual Machine Lorenzo Fontana October 28, 2020 ● Debugging is useful to understand how things work ● Sometimes, eBPF programs can’t even load ● I couldn’t find good resources on this this, so, here I am ● I break lots of eBPF programs ● The BPF Virtual machine is not easy to understand Why ? The BPF subsystem lives in the kernel AND The kernel can be debugged using gdb The

Rud Merriam | A Journey into Non-Virtual Polymorphism 2 Who Doesn’t Recognize This?? 1990 Borland Turbo C++Cppcon 2023 | Rud Merriam | A Journey into Non-Virtual Polymorphism 3 Background ● Experience – Medium.com (https://medium.com/@rudmerriam)Cppcon 2023 | Rud Merriam | A Journey into Non-Virtual Polymorphism 4 Polymorphism ● Greek: “many forms” (Obligatory statement) ● The use of a single variableCppcon 2023 | Rud Merriam | A Journey into Non-Virtual Polymorphism 5 Polymorphic Variables ● Base class pointer to derived class – Virtual functions are not bad! ● Standard Template Library

carePhoto by Tech Nick on unsplashSimple benchmark class Base { public: int concrete() const; virtual int virt() const; }; void benchmark(Base *b, size_t num_iterations) { auto start = Clock::now(); virt_duration = end-start;There are interesting technical details and surprising conclusions that virtual functions can be actually faster. Since CPU architectures are mentioned, I'd expect to see deep nt-vs-inheritance-vs-other- ways-performanceDoes it even matter?Conclusions ● The notion that “virtual functions are slower” is flat out wrong. ○ Which is not to say they are faster ○ Some of the suggested

name, const NodeConfig& config) : SyncActionNode(name, config) {} // You must override this virtual function NodeStatus tick() override { std::cout << "Type: [ApproachEnemy]. Instance:" <<

#IstioCon Is Your Virtual Machine Really Ready-to-go with Istio? Kailun Qin, Intel Haoyuan Ge #IstioCon Quick Summary (from Google Cloud Next ’19 [1]) VM works on Istio! [1] Istio Service Mesh Hybrid and Multi Clouds #IstioCon Istio VM Integration is? A Tumultuous Odyssey… [1] Istio 1.8: A Virtual Machine Integration Odyssey, Jimmy Song #IstioCon V0.2 Mesh Expansion ● Prerequisites ○ IP connectivity the workloads themselves #IstioCon V1.6-1.8 Better VM Workload Abstraction Item Kubernetes Virtual Machine Basic schedule unit Pod WorkloadEntry Component Deployment WorkloadGroup Service registry

#IstioCon Building resilient systems inside the mesh: abstraction and automation of Virtual Service generation Vladimir Georgiev, Thought Machine #IstioCon Sync calls failures inside the mesh implement this to be language agnostic? #IstioCon Virtual Services API ● Solves our problems, but… ● All Service Owners must be aware of the Virtual Services API in order to define their SLOs. ● Potential errors when dealing with YAMLs. ● Potential drift between the state of the service API and the Virtual Service config. ● Hard to manage when having hundreds of services. #IstioCon Abstracting to proto

first virtual machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 1.7 Running your virtual machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 1.7.1 Keyboard and mouse support in virtual machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 1.9 Virtual machine configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 1.10 Deleting virtual machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 1.11 Importing and exporting virtual machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 1.12 Alternative front-ends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 2 Installation

. . . . . . . . . . . . 14 1.7 Creating your first virtual machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 1.8 Running your virtual machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 1.10 Virtual machine configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 1.11 Removing virtual machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 1.12 Importing and exporting virtual machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 1.13 Alternative front-ends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . 14 1.7 Creating your first virtual machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 1.8 Running your virtual machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 1.10 Virtual machine configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 1.11 Removing virtual machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 1.12 Importing and exporting virtual machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 1.13 Alternative front-ends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . 14 1.7 Creating your first virtual machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 1.8 Running your virtual machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 1.10 Virtual machine configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 1.11 Removing virtual machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 1.12 Importing and exporting virtual machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 1.13 Alternative front-ends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .