CONSTRUCTING GENERIC CONSTRUCTING GENERIC ALGORITHMS ALGORITHMS BEN DEANE / BEN DEANE / 16TH SEPTEMBER 2020 16TH SEPTEMBER 2020 @ben_deane @ben_deane 1WHAT WE'LL COVER WHAT WE'LL COVER Preliminaries: puzzle pieces." "The algorithms fit together like puzzle pieces." 5 . 1WHY WRITE GENERIC ALGORITHMS? WHY WRITE GENERIC ALGORITHMS? Isn't the standard set good enough? Isn't the standard set good enough decoupling containers (with the iterator abstraction) allows us to write generic algorithms that work on allows us to write generic algorithms that work on all containers all containers.. So let's write

to many different practical (concrete) problems -theory reuse *，Goes hand-in-glove with goals of generic software libraries Graphs Are Ubiduitous SS interfaces to generic algorithms (codified as concepts) *|Our claim: The standard library aljready provides sufficient capability to support generic graph algorithms and data structures *。Generic graph algorithms usability over expert-friendliness *。Genericity: Abstract from concrete, efficient algorithms to obtain generic algorithms that can be combined with different data representations to produce a wide variety of

1 David Olsen – Generic Programming CppCon 20242 David Olsen – Generic Programming CppCon 2024 Back to Basics: Generic Programming David Olsen, Compiler Engineer, NVIDIA CppCon, 18 Sep 20243 David Olsen Olsen – Generic Programming CppCon 2024 Generic Programming4 David Olsen – Generic Programming CppCon 2024 Generic Programming5 David Olsen – Generic Programming CppCon 2024 Generic Programming Same Same code works on different, unrelated types6 David Olsen – Generic Programming CppCon 2024 Generic Programming Same code works on different, unrelated types T sum(C container) { T result = 0; for (T

print(fridgeIsOpen) 15 // Prints "false" Generics Write a name inside angle brackets to make a generic function or type. PDF conversion courtesy of www.appsdissected.com 1 func makeArray(repeating } 6 return result 7 } 8 makeArray(repeating: "knock", numberOfTimes: 4) You can make generic forms of functions and methods, as well as classes, enumerations, and structures. 1 // Reimplement collection. N O T E Swift’s array, set, and dictionary types are implemented as generic collections. For more about generic types and collections, see Generics. Mutability of Collections If you create

stricter options Speed up mypy runs Type system reference Built-in types Simple types Any type Generic types Type inference and type annotations Type inference Explicit types for variables Explicit forward references Import cycles Using classes that are generic in stubs but not at runtime Using types defined in stubs but not at runtime Using generic builtins Using X | Y syntax for Unions Using new additions Generics Defining generic classes Defining subclasses of generic classes Generic functions Generic methods and generic self Automatic self types using typing.Self Variance of generic types Type variables

stricter options Speed up mypy runs Type system reference Built-in types Simple types Any type Generic types Type inference and type annotations Type inference Explicit types for variables Explicit forward references Import cycles Using classes that are generic in stubs but not at runtime Using types defined in stubs but not at runtime Using generic builtins Using X | Y syntax for Unions Using new additions Generics Defining generic classes Defining subclasses of generic classes Generic functions Generic methods and generic self Automatic self types using typing.Self Variance of generic types Type variables

greet_all(ages) # Error due to incompatible types The list type is an example of something called a generic type: it can accept one or more type parameters. In this case, we parameterized list by writing list[str] through the mypy cheatsheet. For a detailed overview (including information on how to make your own generic types or your own type aliases), look through the type system reference. Note: When adding types standardized. from typing import Mapping, MutableMapping, Sequence, Iterable # Use Iterable for generic iterables (anything usable in "for"), # and Sequence where a sequence (supporting "len" and "__getitem__")

greet_all(ages) # Error due to incompatible types The list type is an example of something called a generic type: it can accept one or more type parameters. In this case, we parameterized list by writing list[str] through the mypy cheatsheet. For a detailed overview (including information on how to make your own generic types or your own type aliases), look through the type system reference. Note: When adding types standardized. from typing import Mapping, MutableMapping, Sequence, Iterable # Use Iterable for generic iterables (anything usable in "for"), # and Sequence where a sequence (supporting "len" and "__getitem__")

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.1. Generic response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . this section. The meaning and content depend on the operation that initiated the response. 2.1. Generic response Int32 Operation code If operation equals op_response: Int32 Object handle Int64 Object Operation code (op_attach) Int32 Version (CONNECT_VERSION2) Int32 Architecture type (e.g. arch_generic = 1). String Database path or alias Int32 Count of protocol versions understood (e.g. 1) Buffer