EXTENSION 24 3.3.2 Spatially enable database without using EXTENSION (discouraged) 24 3.4 Upgrading spatial databases 25 3.4.1 Soft upgrade 25 3.4.1.1 Soft Upgrade 9.1+ using extensions 25 3.4.1 c091ca05bee4c/233ead5e.png) PostGIS is a spatial extension for the PostgreSQL relational database that was created by Refractions Research Inc, as a spatial database technology research project. Refractions PostGIS to better support a range of important GIS functionality in the areas of OGC and SQL/MM spatial standards, advanced topological constructs (coverages, surfaces, networks), data source for desktop

3.3 Creating spatial databases 23 3.3.1 Spatially enable database using EXTENSION 23 3.3.2 Spatially enable database without using EXTENSION (discouraged) ... 23 3.4 Upgrading spatial databases . Pre 9.1+ or without extensions ... 25 3.4.2 Hard upgrade ... 26 # 4 Data Management ... 28 4.1 Spatial Data Model ... 28 4.1.1 OGC Geometry ... 28 4.1.1.1 Point ... 29 4.1.1.2 LineString . Managing Validity ... 42 4.5 Spatial Reference Systems 43 4.5.1 SPATIAL_REF_SYS Table 44 4.5.2 User-Defined Spatial Reference Systems 45 4.6 Spatial Tables 45 4.6.1 Creating a Spatial Table 45 4.6.2 GEOMETRY_COLUMNS

Géométrie valide 41 4.4.3 Gestion de la validité 43 4.5 Systèmes de référence spatiale 44 4.5.1 Table SPATIAL_REF_SYS 45 4.5.2 Systèmes de référence spatiale définis par l'utilisateur 46 4.6 Tables spatiales 1.3 Relations spatiales générales 61 5.2 Utilisation des index spatiaux 63 5.3 Exemples de SQL spatial 63 6 Conseils sur les performances 67 6.1 Petites tables de grandes géométries 67 6.1.1 Description maintenance des Geography, maintenance des index Geography et Geometry (index 2D, 3D, nD et tout index spatial), structures internes des Geometry, intégration des fonctionnalités GEOS et alignement avec les publications

raster support| |Creating spatial databases| |Spatially enable database using EXTENSION| |Spatially enable database without using EXTENSION (discouraged)| |Upgrading spatial databases| |Soft upgrade| |Hard |Hard upgrade| 4. Data Management Spatial Data Model OGC Geometry SQL/MM Part 3 - Curves WKT and WKB Geometry Data Type PostGIS EWKB and EWKT Geography Data Type Creating Geography Tables Using Geometry Valid Geometry Managing Validity Spatial Reference Systems SPATIAL_REF_SYS Table User-Defined Spatial Reference Systems Spatial Tables Creating a Spatial Table GEOMETRY_COLUMNS View Manually

Administration| |---| |Performance Tuning| |Startup| |Runtime| |Configuring raster support| |Creating spatial databases| |Spatially enable database using EXTENSION| |Spatially enable database without using EXTENSION |Create a spatially-enabled database from a template| |Upgrading spatial databases| |Soft upgrade| |Hard upgrade| 4. Data Management Spatial Data Model OGC Geometry SQL/MM Part 3 - Curves WKT and WKB Geometry Valid Geometry Managing Validity Spatial Reference Systems SPATIAL_REF_SYS Table User-Defined Spatial Reference Systems Spatial Tables Creating a Spatial Table GEOMETRY_COLUMNS View Manually

Administration| |---| |Performance Tuning| |Startup| |Runtime| |Configuring raster support| |Creating spatial databases| |Spatially enable database using EXTENSION| |Spatially enable database without using EXTENSION |Create a spatially-enabled database from a template| |Upgrading spatial databases| |Soft upgrade| |Hard upgrade| 4. Data Management Spatial Data Model OGC Geometry SQL/MM Part 3 - Curves WKT and WKB Advanced FAQ Spatial Tables Creating a Spatial Table GEOMETRY_COLUMNS View Manually Registering Geometry Columns Spatial Reference Systems SPATIAL_REF_SYS Table User-Defined Spatial Reference Systems

Administration| |---| |Performance Tuning| |Startup| |Runtime| |Configuring raster support| |Creating spatial databases| |Spatially enable database using EXTENSION| |Spatially enable database without using EXTENSION |Upgrading spatial databases| |Soft upgrade| |Hard upgrade| 1. PostGIS Usage Data Management GIS Objects PostGIS Geography Type Spatial Metadata Tables Geometry Validation Loading Spatial Data Extracting Extracting Spatial Data Building Spatial Indexes Spatial Queries Determining Spatial Relationships Taking Advantage of Indexes Examples of Spatial SQL Performance Tips Small tables of large geometries

|Building| |Building PostGIS Extensions and Deploying them| |Testing| |Installation| |Creating a spatial database using EXTENSIONS| |Create a spatially-enabled database without using extensions| |Installing Geography Advanced FAQ Using OpenGIS Standards The SPATIAL_REF_SYS Table and Spatial Reference Systems The GEOMETRY_COLUMNS VIEW Creating a Spatial Table Manually Registering Geometry Columns in geometry_columns Indexes SP-GiST Indexes Using Indexes Complex Queries Taking Advantage of Indexes Examples of Spatial SQL 5. Raster Data Management, Queries, and Applications Loading and Creating Rasters Using raster2pgsql

Tuning 21 3.1.1 Startup 21 3.1.2 Runtime 22 3.2 Configuring raster support 22 3.3 Creating spatial databases 23 3.3.1 Spatially enable database using EXTENSION 23 3.3.2 Spatially enable database (discouraged) 23 3.3.3 Create a spatially-enabled database from a template 24 3.4 Upgrading spatial databases 24 3.4.1 Soft upgrade 24 3.4.1.1 Soft Upgrade Pre 9.1+ or without extensions 1.2 Soft Upgrade 9.1+ using extensions 25 3.4.2 Hard upgrade 26 # 4 Data Management 28 4.1 Spatial Data Model 28 4.1.1 OGC Geometry 28 4.1.1.1 Point 29 4.1.1.2 LineString 29

21 3.1.1 Startup 21 3.1.2 Runtime 22 3.2 Configuring raster support 22 3.3 Creating spatial databases 23 3.3.1 Spatially enable database using EXTENSION 23 3.3.2 Spatially enable (discouraged) 23 3.3.3 Create a spatially-enabled database from a template 24 3.4 Upgrading spatial databases 24 3.4.1 Soft upgrade 24 3.4.1.1 Soft Upgrade 9.1+ using extensions 24 Upgrade Pre 9.1+ or without extensions 25 3.4.2 Hard upgrade 26 # 4 Data Management 28 4.1 Spatial Data Model 28 4.1.1 OGC Geometry 28 4.1.1.1 Point 29 4.1.1.2 LineString 29