Developing & Debugging WebAssembly Filters Idit Levine & Yuval Kohavi 2 | Copyright © 2020 Idit Levine | Founder & CEO, Solo.io Yuval Kohavi | Chief Architect, Solo.io 3 | Copyright © 2020 Istio a build of Envoy EXTERNAL AUTH RATE LIMITING ROUTER UPSTREAM WASM gRPC TRANSCODER Why WebAssembly? 8 | Copyright © 2020 8 | Copyright © 2020 User Experience 9 | Copyright © 2020 10 | Copyright

called WebAssembly. It offers compact representation, efficient validation and compilation, and safe low to no-overhead execution. Rather than committing to a specific programming model, WebAssembly is use cases beyond just the Web. WebAssembly has been designed with a formal semantics from the start. We describe the motivation, design and formal semantics of WebAssembly and provide some preliminary Speed with WebAssembly — 2017 (read)Engineers from the four major browser vendors have risen to the challenge and collaboratively designed a portable low-level bytecode called WebAssembly. It offers

WEBPACK + WEBASSEMBLY W E B P A C K A N D T H E C H A L L E N G E O F W E B A S S E M B L Y INTRODUCTION WEBASSEMBLY AND ESM WEBASSEMBLY? • LOW-LEVEL BINARY FORMAT FOR CODE • TYPED (I8 – I64, F32 FROM NATIVE LANGUAGES (C/C++, RUST, …) • ASSEMBLY-LIKE TEXTUAL REPRESENTATION (WAT) • WASM = WEBASSEMBLY STRUCTURE OF A WASM-FILE • MULTIPLE SECTIONS: • IMPORT • GLOBALS • FUNCTION-TYPES • CODE $getNumber_type) (result i32) (i32.const 40) ) ) WEBASSEMBLY API • 1. FETCH THE BINARY • 2. COMPILE A WebAssembly.Module • 3. INSTANCIATE A WebAssembly.Instance • AN importsObject CAN BE PASSED • 4

1.15. 指标、日志和追踪 1.16. 性能和可扩展性 1.17. 为生产环境配置 SERVICE MESH 1.18. 连接服务网格 1.19. 扩展 1.20. 使用 3SCALE WEBASSEMBLY 模块 1.21. 使用 3SCALE ISTIO 适配器 1.22. 服务网格故障排除 1.23. ENVOY 代理故障排除 1.24. SERVICE MESH CONTROL PLANE 32、OpenShift Container Platform 4.8.12 和 OpenShift Container Platform 4.9。 1.2.2.12.4. Service Mesh WebAssembly(WASM)扩展 ServiceMeshExtensions 自定义资源定义(CRD)现已正式发布，它首次作为技术预览功能在版本 2.0 中 推出。您可以使用 CRD 构建自己的插件，但红帽并不支持您创建的插件。 Mesh 2.1 中已完全删除 Mixer。如果启用了 Mixer，则会阻止从 Service Mesh 2.0.x 升级到 2.1。 混合器插件需要移植到 WebAssembly 扩展。 1.2.2.12.5. 3scale WebAssembly Adapter(WASM) Mixer 现已正式删除，OpenShift Service Mesh 2.1 不支持 3scale 混合器适配器。在升级到

此外，由于Envoy是用C++实现的，因此新开发的过滤器也必须用C++实现。 ○ 动态运行时加载： ■ 在运行时将新的过滤器动态加载到Envoy代理中。 ■ 简化了扩展Envoy的过程, 这种解决方案通常使用WebAssembly（WASM）的新技术， 它是一种有效的可移植二进制指令格式，提供了可嵌入和隔离的执行环境。 6 使用Wasm for Proxy ● Pros ○ 敏捷性：过滤器可以动态加载到正在 限数量的连接或请求属性。 ● Cons ○ 性能约为C++编写的原生静态编译的Filter的70％; ○ 由于需要启动一个或多个WASM虚拟机，因此会消耗一定的内存使用量; ○ The WebAssembly ecosystem is still young; 7 Wasm in Envoy Proxy ● Wasm动态加载 ● 一致性校验: ○ https://github.com/pr Artifacts项目的参考实现, 可显著简化OCI注册库中任意内容的存储; ● 可以使用ORAS API/SDK Library来构建自定义工具， ○ 将WebAssembly模块推入到OCI注册库中; ○ 或者从OCI注册库中拉取WebAssembly模块; ● oras cli类似于docker cli 10 在ACR EE中使用ORAS CLI ● 阿里云容器镜像服务企业版ACR EE作为企业级云原生应用制品管理平台，

String Literals Import from C Header File C Pointers Exporting a C Library Mixing Object Files WebAssembly Freestanding WASI Targets Style Guide Whitespace Names Examples Source Encoding Keyword Reference main allocator. �. Are you building for WebAssembly? In this case, std.heap.wasm_allocator is likely the right choice for your main allocator as it uses WebAssembly's memory instructions. �. Is the maximum Targets Zig Build System WebAssembly Zig supports building for WebAssembly out of the box. There is also a specialized std.heap.wasm_allocator memory allocator for WebAssembly environments. Freestanding

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.1.1 WebAssembly platforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2 内置函数 5 3 内置常量 Reference, 发行版本 3.11.10 1.1.1 WebAssembly platforms The WebAssembly platforms wasm32-emscripten (Emscripten) and wasm32-wasi (WASI) provide a subset of POSIX APIs. WebAssembly runtimes and browsers are sandboxed behavior of Python on WebAssembly platforms depend on the Emscripten-SDK or WASI-SDK version, WASM runtimes (browser, NodeJS, wasmtime), and Python build time flags. WebAssembly, Emscripten, and WASI are

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.1.1 WebAssembly platforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2 内置函数 5 glibc 2.27 or newer. 1.1.1 WebAssembly platforms The WebAssembly platforms wasm32-emscripten (Emscripten) and wasm32-wasi (WASI) provide a subset of POSIX APIs. WebAssembly runtimes and browsers are sandboxed behavior of Python on WebAssembly platforms depend on the Emscripten-SDK or WASI-SDK ver- sion, WASM runtimes (browser, NodeJS, wasmtime), and Python build time flags. WebAssembly, Emscripten, and WASI

type checkers, and more. Without formal proofs, these tools are almost always wrong. Consider WebAssembly, a new machine-like language for web browsers, de- signed as a portable target for compiling high-level produced a full Isabelle mechanisation of the core execution semantics and type system of the WebAssembly language. In addition, we have created a mechanised proof for the type soundness properties stated the working group’s paper. In order to complete this proof, several deficiencies in the ofcial WebAssembly specification, uncov- ered by our proof and modelling work, needed to be corrected by the specification

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.1.1 WebAssembly 平台 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2 内置函数 5 3 内置常量 Python Library Reference, 发行版本 3.12.7 1.1.1 WebAssembly 平台 WebAssembly 平台 wasm32-emscripten (Emscripten) 和 wasm32-wasi (WASI) 分别提供了 POSIX API 的 一个子集。WebAssembly 运行时和浏览器都处于沙盒模式中并具有对主机和外部资源的受限访问权。任 何使用了进程 I/O。其他阻塞式操作如sleep() 则会阻塞浏览器的事件循环。 Python 在 WebAssembly 平台上的特性与行为依赖于 Emscripten-SDK 或 WASI-SDK 的版本, WASM 运行时 (浏览器, NodeJS, wasmtime) 以及 Python 编译时旗标。WebAssembly, Emscripten 和 WASI 都是尚在不断演 化中的标准；某些特性例如网络可能会在未来被支持。