ket，实现本地数据包的加速转发 加速同节点pod间通信 cilium 使用 eBPF 程序，借助 bpf_redirect() 或 bpf_redirect_peer() 等 helper 函数，快速帮助同宿主机间 的流量转发，节省了大量的内核协议栈 处理流程 pod 1 process kernel network stack raw PREROUTING mangle

connection recently or have seen connections timing out? What is the rate of unanswered TCP SYN requests? Application monitoring What is the rate of 5xx or 4xx HTTP response codes for a particular service or Management Cilium implements bandwidth management through efficient EDT-based (Earliest Departure Time) rate-limiting with eBPF for container traffic that is egressing a node. This allows to significantly reduce explains how to configure Cilium’s bandwidth manager to optimize TCP and UDP workloads and efficiently rate limit individual Pods if needed through the help of EDT (Earliest Departure Time) and eBPF. The bandwidth

connection recently or have seen connections timing out? What is the rate of unanswered TCP SYN requests? Application monitoring What is the rate of 5xx or 4xx HTTP response codes for a particular service or Management Cilium implements bandwidth management through efficient EDT-based (Earliest Departure Time) rate-limiting with eBPF for container traffic that is egressing a node. This allows to significantly reduce explains how to configure Cilium’s bandwidth manager to optimize TCP and UDP workloads and efficiently rate limit individual Pods if needed through the help of EDT (Earliest Departure Time) and eBPF. The bandwidth

Layer 7 Examples Kubernetes Endpoint Lifecycle Troubleshooting L7 Protocol Visibility API Rate Limiting Default Rate Limits Configuration Automatic Adjustment Metrics Understanding the log output Configuration The architecture ensures that only a single operator communicates with the EC2 service API to avoid rate-limiting issues in large clusters. A pre-allocation watermark is used to maintain a number of IP addresses responseCode: Status code returned by the operation cilium_operator_ec2_rate_limit_duration_seconds Duration of EC2 client-side rate limiter blocking Labels: operation: EC2 API operation cilium_oper

connection recently or have seen connections timing out? What is the rate of unanswered TCP SYN requests? Application monitoring What is the rate of 5xx or 4xx HTTP response codes for a particular service or native-routing (50 bytes per network packet for VXLAN). This results in a lower maximum throughput rate for a particular network connection. This can be largely mitigated by enabling jumbo frames (50 bytes instance types. Allocation of ENIs and ENI IPs requires interaction with the EC2 API which is subject to rate limiting. This is primarily mitigated via the operator design, see section AWS ENI for more details

connection recently or have seen connections timing out? What is the rate of unanswered TCP SYN requests? Application monitoring What is the rate of 5xx or 4xx HTTP response codes for a particular service or Management Cilium implements bandwidth management through efficient EDT-based (Earliest Departure Time) rate-limiting with eBPF for container traffic that is egressing a node. This allows to significantly reduce explains how to configure Cilium’s bandwidth manager to optimize TCP and UDP workloads and efficiently rate limit individual Pods if needed through the help of EDT (Earliest Departure Time) and eBPF. The bandwidth

The architecture ensures that only a single operator communicates with the EC2 service API to avoid rate-limiting issues in large clusters. A pre-allocation watermark allows to maintain a number of IP addresses responseCode: Status code returned by the operation cilium_operator_ec2_rate_limit_duration_seconds Duration of EC2 client-side rate limiter blocking Labels: operation: EC2 API operation cilium_oper this could imply updating thousands of cluster nodes multiple times per second depending on the churn rate of deployed pods. Worse, the starting of new role=frontend pods must be delayed until all servers

this could imply upda�ng thousands of cluster nodes mul�ple �mes per second depending on the churn rate of deployed pods. Worse, the star�ng of new role=frontend pods must be delayed un�l all servers Cilium-Nightly-Tests-PR Runs long-lived tests which take extended �me. Some of these tests have an expected failure rate. Nightly tests run once per day in the Cilium-Nightly-Tests Job [h�ps://jenkins.cilium.io/job/Ci step further by moving the already small per-packet cost en�rely into the NIC with processing at line-rate. Forwarding and load-balancing Another major use case of XDP is packet forwarding and load-balancing