environments. The highly volatile life cycle of containers causes these approaches to struggle to scale side by side with the application as load balancing tables and access control lists carrying hundreds of thousands implemented using BPF using efficient hashtables allowing for almost unlimited scale and supports direct server return (DSR) if the loadbalancing operation is not performed on the source host. Note: load balancing It will deploy a simple probe and echo server running with multiple replicas. The probe will only report readiness while it can successfully reach the echo server: kubectl get pods NAME

environments. The highly vola�le life cycle of containers causes these approaches to struggle to scale side by side with the applica�on as load balancing tables and access control lists carrying hundreds of thousands implemented using BPF using efficient hashtables allowing for almost unlimited scale and supports direct server return (DSR) if the loadbalancing opera�on is not performed on the source host. Note: load balancing have kubectl installed then you can simply point it at the microk8s version of the kubernetes API server: export KUBECONFIG=/snap/microk8s/current/client.config Install etcd Install etcd as a StatefulSet

environments. The highly volatile life cycle of containers causes these approaches to struggle to scale side by side with the application as load balancing tables and access control lists carrying hundreds of thousands implemented using BPF using efficient hashtables allowing for almost unlimited scale and supports direct server return (DSR) if the loadbalancing operation is not performed on the source host. Note: load balancing the master node using a node-token which can be found on the master node at /var/lib/rancher/k3s/server/node-token. Install K3s on agent nodes and join them to the master node making sure to replace the

environments. The highly volatile life cycle of containers causes these approaches to struggle to scale side by side with the application as load balancing tables and access control lists carrying hundreds of thousands optimized for maximum performance, can be attached to XDP (eXpress Data Path), and supports direct server return (DSR) as well as Maglev consistent hashing if the load balancing operation is not performed kube-system/l7-default-backend-7fd66b8b88- qqhh5 ♻ Restarted unmanaged pod kube-system/metrics-server-v0.3.6- 7b5cdbcbb8-kjl65 ♻ Restarted unmanaged pod kube-system/stackdriver-metadata-agent- clu

environments. The highly volatile life cycle of containers causes these approaches to struggle to scale side by side with the application as load balancing tables and access control lists carrying hundreds of thousands optimized for maximum performance, can be attached to XDP (eXpress Data Path), and supports direct server return (DSR) as well as Maglev consistent hashing if the load balancing operation is not performed kube-system/l7-default-backend-7fd66b8b88- qqhh5 ♻ Restarted unmanaged pod kube-system/metrics-server-v0.3.6- 7b5cdbcbb8-kjl65 ♻ Restarted unmanaged pod kube-system/stackdriver-metadata-agent- clu

Golang Package Compatibility Guarantees API Reference Hubble internals Hubble Architecture Hubble server Hubble Relay Reference Command Cheatsheet Command utilities: Command examples: Kubernetes examples: environments. The highly volatile life cycle of containers causes these approaches to struggle to scale side by side with the application as load balancing tables and access control lists carrying hundreds of thousands optimized for maximum performance, can be attached to XDP (eXpress Data Path), and supports direct server return (DSR) as well as Maglev consistent hashing if the load balancing operation is not performed

Golang Package Compatibility Guarantees API Reference Hubble internals Hubble Architecture Hubble server Hubble Relay Reference Command Cheatsheet Command utilities: Command examples: Kubernetes examples: environments. The highly volatile life cycle of containers causes these approaches to struggle to scale side by side with the application as load balancing tables and access control lists carrying hundreds of thousands implemented using BPF using efficient hashtables allowing for almost unlimited scale and supports direct server return (DSR) if the loadbalancing operation is not performed on the source host. Note: load balancing

nodePort 访问 传统的 nodePort 转发，伴随着 SNAT的发生。而 Cilium 为 nodePort 提供了 native 和 IPIP 等方式的 DSR （direct server return）实现，有效减 少了网络转发的跳数，极大提升了 nodePort的转发性能，降低访问延时。 相关测试表明： • kube proxy iptables模式下，请求完 成时间 1.6ms