resources under management, the manage- ment agents within each runtime, and the policies for controlling access and manage- ment of repositories, deployments, and runtimes. Second, note the reference to the desired of an application, which might conflict with one another, in development at the same time. Commit early and often. Continuous delivery refers to automating releases of changes to the dev/staging and pre-production several other tools that have emerged as the popularity of GitOps has grown. Some of these are in the early stages of development and others are solving a very specific problem. Chapter 2 – Tools of the

only way a developer could get access to servers, data, or software was to ask a system administrator. In the modern era, however, developers require on-demand access to a variety of tools and resources productivity. But it’s not just about providing better tools. It’s about providing a better way to access these tools and resources that eliminate obstacles. Developers should not have to file a list of high-performing DevOps teams is to deploy an internal platform that developers use to create and access the resources they need on their own. THE GITOPS GUIDE TO BUILDING & MANAGING INTERNAL PLATFORMS

you. OBSERVABILITY Observability from a GitOps perspective is the ability to constantly have access to monitoring the actual state present in the cluster and the ability to compare it to what was Figure 3: GitOps workflow in Kubernetes GITOPS SECURITY The image is pulled using read-only access to the container registry. The CI tool is not granted cluster privileges and, therefore, is not production cluster Read access to the code repository Read/write access to configuration repo Read/write access to the continuous integration environment Read/write access to the production cluster

ensuring clear separation and control over changes in each layer of the system. User Permissions and Access Controls To operate and maintain a GitOps system effectively, you will need a certain level of visibility appropriate permissions models and access controls to ensure the security and integrity of your code and infrastructure. Common practices include role-based access control (RBAC), Git repository permissions infrastructure access control, multi-factor authentication (MFA), and continuous monitoring and observability. It is crucial to regularly review and update permissions and access controls based on

Read access to the code repository Read/Write access to container repository Read/Write access to the continuous integration environment Runs inside the production cluster Read/Write access to configuration configuration repository Read access to image repository Read/Write access to the production cluster GitOps separates CI from CD and is a more secure method of deploying applications to Kubernetes.

not touch (or know about) source code. But in most cases, in order to run unit tests, you need access to the source code of the application. The current crop of GitOps tools cannot run unit/integration is very complex to accomplish and not all teams want to let their deployment solution have write access to their Git repo. It goes without saying that different people might want a completely different despite having all information in Git A corollary to the previous point is that just because you have access to the whole deployment history of a cluster in the form of Git commits, doesn’t mean that you

打开【创建云账号】页面。 （3）在【创建云账号】页面中:  填写云账号名称  云插件列表中选择阿里云 杭州飞致云信息科技有限公司 33 图 3-7 添加阿里云 API 账号  填写 Access Key ID, Access Key Secret  以阿里云账号登录阿里云控制台后，如图 3-8 所示，点击右上角头像，在下拉 菜单中选择"AccessKey 管理"进入 AccessKey 管理页面，如图 , 打开【创建云账号】页面。 （3）在【创建云账号】页面中:  填写云账号名称  云插件列表中选择腾讯云 图 3-11 添加腾讯公有云 API 账号页面  填写 Access Key ID, Access Key Secret 杭州飞致云信息科技有限公司 36 以腾讯云账号登录控制台后，在右上角用户信息下拉菜单中，如图 3-12 所示， 选择【访问管理】打开【API 密钥管理】页面，如图 密钥文件， 密钥文件中有 Access Key ID, Access Key Secret。  对象存储 OBS 访问密钥 Secret，可在【访问密钥】页面创建密钥后下载查看，如 图 3-17 所示。 图 3-17 创建密钥页面 下载打开 credential.csv 密钥文件，如图 3-18 所示，可以看到 Access Key ID, Access Key Secret。 杭州飞致云信息科技有限公司

part of the CI/CD pipeline, individual developers do not require direct access to resources, hence not needing credentials to access said resource. This also makes it necessary for users to only provide provide credentials at the time of execution in the pipeline. This further enforces strict access controls to underlying resources reducing attack vectors to the infrastructure. However, we have to properly

integrated with other AWS services such as Amazon CloudWatch, Auto Scaling Groups, AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM), and Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (VPC), providing a seamless experience to monitor

central benefit of GitOps is improving developer productivity. By giving application developers access to a GitOps-based platform, they can use familiar tools and workflows (like pull requests) to optimize