#IstioCon Istio-redirector: the way to go to manage thousands of HTTP redirections Etienne Fontaine (@etifontaine) #IstioCon Istio-redirector 301-redirection from /bus/routes/bruxelles/lille [...] spec: gateways: - istio-system/istio-ingressgateway hosts: - www.blablacar.fr http: - match: - uri: exact: /co2 redirect: uri: /blablalife/lp/zeroemptyseats

erd、Traefic。Envoy由于高性能和扩展能力前在数据面遥 遥领先。 • Iptables使Pod间出入应用的流量均由Envoy代理，对应用来说完全透明。支持主要常用网路协议 Http1/Http2/Tls/gRPC/Tcp等。 Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 6 Envoy原理及总体架构-启动 inbound -15006 kubelet 拦截指定命名空间 Pod创建请求 xDS Iptables 规则 ./etc/istio/proxy/SDS 证书 获取 配置 文件 可以修改全局注入参数 作用于所有目标空间的 pod 证书更新 Envoy启动流程 Envoy控制面流量 Envoy数据面流量 ./etc/istio/proxy/XDS SDS xDS CSR Prometheus GID=1337创建Envoy启动命令行与配置文件 • 可以通过自定义deployment内istio注解sidecar.istio.io/inject: “false”跳过自动注入过程，或修改部分启动参数。 • 2. 控制面通信 • Pilot-agent进程本身创建UDS接收Envoy连接，用于证书更新下发。并且与istiod建立证书更新通道。 • Envoy 通过pilot-agent转发

u优雅关闭envoy启动envoy ü监听/etc/certs目录 ü生成envoy静态配置文件envoy-rev0.json ü通过exec.Command启动 envoy并监听状态 • 文件配置文档 • 启动参数文档热重启envoy热重启涉及以下步骤 • Pilot-Agent只是负责启动S，其他步骤由envoy完成。 • 1. 启动另外一个S进程（Secondary process） • 2. S通知P（Primary #2920Pilot-Discovery——配置中心（PD） uv1版本和v2版本之间的区别 u建立缓存配置 u触发配置生效方式v1版本和v2版本之间的区别 V1 HTTP1 REST JSON/YAML 弱类型 轮询 SDS/CDS/RDS/LDS 奠定控制平面基础 V2 HTTP2 GRPC Proto3 强类型 Push SDS/CDS/RDS/LDS/HDS/ADS/KDS 和Google强强联手 ücert-chain.pem 和 key.pem 实际有效期90天，程序控制有效期45天 ü证书过期会被重新生成并挂载到/etc/certs ü触发envoy热启动ü方案一： • 把重新生成证书时间改为凌晨http://www.servicemesher.com

，再次强调：No Freestyle • 非功能需求：并发、成功率、响应时间等服务质量参数。 • 故障处理需求：故障预案。 • 影响范围分析。 • 选定测试版本：研读开放Issue以及Release Notes。测试方案部署 • Istio部署 • 复查集群环境 • 调整资源参数 • 调整亲和性参数 • 调整HPA • 日志输出和调试开关复查 • Istio功能裁剪 • 备用业务部署 •

Empty • 支持对热升级过程中Sidecar Container生命周期进行管理 实现热升级 Implement Hot-Upgrade 8 • Envoy热重启参数的协商 • PilotAgent需要使用正确的Epoch参数启动Envoy，才能触发热重启 • PilotAgent需要有从旧实例处得到Epoch的能力 – UDS • 接管StatusPort监听（15021） 实现热升级

务层RPC 框架Retry策略托管到Mesh，通过平响分位值动态抑 制BP请求） Mesh价值 1. 业务无需代码改动即可开启，在线调整backup超时 分位值、熔断阈值。 2. 支持动态调整配置参数，对接智能调参系统。 防雪崩能力：动态BackupRequest #IstioCon 未来 l 强化稳定性工程。（Case覆盖、故障自动恢复） l 实现现有能力整合。（Mesh作为基础层，

NewHandler in an http.MaxBytesHandler.” John found that when the recommended MaxBytesHandler was used, the request body was not fully consumed, meaning that when a server attempts to read HTTP2 frames from from the connection it will instead be reading the body. As such, the MaxBytesHandler introduces an http request smuggling attack vector. The issue was disclosed to the Golang security team who fixed the slice controlled by potentially untrusted file size Low High Yes 5 Possible memory exhaustions in http utilities Low Medium Yes 6 Istio skips certificate verification Low High Yes 7 Unhandled errors

istio sidecar （ kubectl label namespace default istio-injection=disabled/enabled ） http http http http http http http Result: can access reviews-v1, reviews-v2 and reviews-v3 Access productpage peer-authentication to enable server side mTLS mTLS in Istio - PeerAuthenticati on mTLS http http http http mTLS http #IstioCon Auto-mTLS in Istio ● Decide what type of traffic the client sidecar to productpage 1) Apply destination rule enable client side mTLS mTLS in Istio - Destination rule http http http http mTLS mTLS #IstioCon mTLS in Istio - DestinationRule Defines what type of traffic the

Today 1. DNS query httpbin.ns1.svc.cluster.local 2. DNS response – 10.4.4.4 http req to 10.4.4.4 GET /status/200 http req to 172.16.1.3 GET /status/200 httpbin.ns1.svc.cluster.local SVC IP: 10.4 name servers. Envoy does not use the agent’s DNS cache. http req to 10.4.4.4 GET /status/200 httpbin.ns1.svc.cluster.local SVC IP: 10.4.4.4 http req to 172.16.1.3 GET /status/200 #IstioCon V1.8 Smart Performance Limitations: Solutions ● Software techniques ○ (eBPF-based) TCP/IP stack bypass ○ HTTP/3 & QUIC ● Hardware acceleration technologies ○ SRIOV/DPDK ○ Networking/Security offloading ●

Original Address Preserve Background Demo 1. HTTP Original Address Preserve #IstioCon Content 1. TCP Original Address Preserve Background Demo 1. HTTP Original Address Preserve #IstioCon What is transparent mode, two connections  L4 • Add IP in TCP Protocol options • Proxy Protocol  L7 • HTTP header “x-forwarded-for” • User Protocol #IstioCon LVS ① user send traffic to LVS ② PREROUTING per-connection basis which of the two versions is present. - Proxy Protocol Transport Socket #IstioCon HTTP XFF x-forwarded-for (XFF) is a standard proxy header which indicates the IP addresses that a request