. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Sta�s�cs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 an argument x to a func�on, modified it inside that func�on, but on the outside, the variable x is s�ll unchanged. Why? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408 Can I methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1080 95 Sparse Arrays 1081 96 Sta�s�cs 1091 97 Unit Tes�ng 1099 97.1 Tes�ng Base Julia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Sta�s�cs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 an argument x to a func�on, modified it inside that func�on, but on the outside, the variable x is s�ll unchanged. Why? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406 Can I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1078 xvi CONTENTS 95 Sparse Arrays 1079 96 Sta�s�cs 1089 97 Unit Tes�ng 1097 97.1 Tes�ng Base Julia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Sta�s�cs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 an argument x to a func�on, modified it inside that func�on, but on the outside, the variable x is s�ll unchanged. Why? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414 CONTENTS methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1114 97 Sparse Arrays 1115 98 Sta�s�cs 1125 99 Unit Tes�ng 1133 99.1 Tes�ng Base Julia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Sta�s�cs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 an argument x to a func�on, modified it inside that func�on, but on the outside, the variable x is s�ll unchanged. Why? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416 Can I methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1116 98 Sparse Arrays 1117 99 Sta�s�cs 1127 100Unit Tes�ng 1135 100.1Tes�ng Base Julia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Sta�s�cs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 an argument x to a func�on, modified it inside that func�on, but on the outside, the variable x is s�ll unchanged. Why? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419 Can I methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1138 100Sparse Arrays 1139 101Sta�s�cs 1149 102Unit Tes�ng 1157 102.1Tes�ng Base Julia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Sta�s�cs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 an argument x to a func�on, modified it inside that func�on, but on the outside, the variable x is s�ll unchanged. Why? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417 Can I methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1136 99 Sparse Arrays 1137 100Sta�s�cs 1147 101Unit Tes�ng 1155 101.1Tes�ng Base Julia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

representations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1210 98 Documentation of Julia’s Internals 1211 98.1 Initialization of the Julia runtime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . correctness in C code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1279 99 Developing/debugging Julia’s C code 1285 99.1 Reporting and analyzing crashes (segfaults) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . languages for these applications, and we do not expect their use to diminish. Fortunately, modern language de- sign and compiler techniques make it possible to mostly eliminate the performance trade-off and provide

representations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1211 98 Documentation of Julia’s Internals 1212 98.1 Initialization of the Julia runtime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . correctness in C code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1280 99 Developing/debugging Julia’s C code 1286 99.1 Reporting and analyzing crashes (segfaults) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . languages for these applications, and we do not expect their use to diminish. Fortunately, modern language de- sign and compiler techniques make it possible to mostly eliminate the performance trade-off and provide

representations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1210 97 Documentation of Julia’s Internals 1211 97.1 Initialization of the Julia runtime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . correctness in C code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1279 98 Developing/debugging Julia’s C code 1285 98.1 Reporting and analyzing crashes (segfaults) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . languages for these applications, and we do not expect their use to diminish. Fortunately, modern language de- sign and compiler techniques make it possible to mostly eliminate the performance trade-off and provide

representations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1210 98 Documentation of Julia’s Internals 1211 98.1 Initialization of the Julia runtime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . correctness in C code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1279 99 Developing/debugging Julia’s C code 1285 99.1 Reporting and analyzing crashes (segfaults) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . languages for these applications, and we do not expect their use to diminish. Fortunately, modern language de- sign and compiler techniques make it possible to mostly eliminate the performance trade-off and provide