missing object, which is the singleton instance of the type Missing. missing is equivalent to NULL in SQL and NA in R, and behaves like them in most situa�ons. 27.1 Propaga�on of Missing Values The behavior following the well-established rules of three-valued logic which are also implemented by NULL in SQL and NA in R. This abstract defini�on actually corresponds to a rela�vely natural behavior which is Nothing} arguments or fields. To represent missing data in the sta�s�cal sense (NA in R or NULL in SQL), use the missing object. See the Missing Values sec�on for more details. The empty tuple (()) is

missing object, which is the singleton instance of the type Missing. missing is equivalent to NULL in SQL and NA in R, and behaves like them in most situa�ons. 27.1 Propaga�on of Missing Values The behavior following the well-established rules of three-valued logic which are also implemented by NULL in SQL and NA in R. This abstract defini�on actually corresponds to a rela�vely natural behavior which is Nothing} arguments or fields. To represent missing data in the sta�s�cal sense (NA in R or NULL in SQL), use the missing object. See the Missing Values sec�on for more details. The empty tuple (()) is

missing object, which is the singleton instance of the type Missing. missing is equivalent to NULL in SQL and NA in R, and behaves like them in most situa�ons. 27.1 Propaga�on of Missing Values The behavior following the well-established rules of three-valued logic which are also implemented by NULL in SQL and NA in R. This abstract defini�on actually corresponds to a rela�vely natural behavior which is Nothing} arguments or fields. To represent missing data in the sta�s�cal sense (NA in R or NULL in SQL), use the missing object. See the Missing Values sec�on for more details. The empty tuple (()) is

missing object, which is the singleton instance of the type Missing. missing is equivalent to NULL in SQL and NA in R, and behaves like them in most situa�ons. 28.1 Propaga�on of Missing Values The behavior following the well-established rules of three-valued logic which are also implemented by NULL in SQL and NA in R. This abstract defini�on actually corresponds to a rela�vely natural behavior which is Nothing} arguments or fields. To represent missing data in the sta�s�cal sense (NA in R or NULL in SQL), use the missing object. See the Missing Values sec�on for more details. The empty tuple (()) is

missing object, which is the singleton instance of the type Missing. missing is equivalent to NULL in SQL and NA in R, and behaves like them in most situations. 27.1 Propagation of Missing Values The behavior following the well-established rules of three-valued logic which are also implemented by NULL in SQL and NA in R. This abstract definition actually corresponds to a relatively natural behavior which is Nothing} arguments or fields. To represent missing data in the statistical sense (NA in R or NULL in SQL), use the missing object. See the Missing Values section for more details. The empty tuple (()) is

missing object, which is the singleton instance of the type Missing. missing is equivalent to NULL in SQL and NA in R, and behaves like them in most situa�ons. 29.1 Propaga�on of Missing Values The behavior following the well-established rules of three-valued logic which are also implemented by NULL in SQL and NA in R. This abstract defini�on actually corresponds to a rela�vely natural behavior which is Nothing} arguments or fields. To represent missing data in the sta�s�cal sense (NA in R or NULL in SQL), use the missing object. See the Missing Values sec�on for more details. The empty tuple (()) is

missing object, which is the singleton instance of the type Missing. missing is equivalent to NULL in SQL and NA in R, and behaves like them in most situations. 20.1 Propagation of Missing Values missing following the well-established rules of three-valued logic which are also implemented by NULL in SQL and NA in R. This abstract definition actually corresponds to a relatively natural behavior which is Nothing} arguments or fields. To represent missing data in the statistical sense (NA in R or NULL in SQL), use the missing object. See the Missing Values section for more details. In some languages, the

missing object, which is the singleton instance of the type Missing. missing is equivalent to NULL in SQL and NA in R, and behaves like them in most situations. 20.1 Propagation of Missing Values missing following the well-established rules of three-valued logic which are also implemented by NULL in SQL and NA in R. This abstract definition actually corresponds to a relatively natural behavior which is Nothing} arguments or fields. To represent missing data in the statistical sense (NA in R or NULL in SQL), use the missing object. See the Missing Values section for more details. In some languages, the

missing object, which is the singleton instance of the type Missing. missing is equivalent to NULL in SQL and NA in R, and behaves like them in most situations. 20.1 Propagation of Missing Values missing following the well-established rules of three-valued logic which are also implemented by NULL in SQL and NA in R. This abstract definition actually corresponds to a relatively natural behavior which is Nothing} arguments or fields. To represent missing data in the statistical sense (NA in R or NULL in SQL), use the missing object. See the Missing Values section for more details. In some languages, the

missing object, which is the singleton instance of the type Missing. missing is equivalent to NULL in SQL and NA in R, and behaves like them in most situations. 20.1 Propagation of Missing Values missing following the well-established rules of three-valued logic which are also implemented by NULL in SQL and NA in R. This abstract definition actually corresponds to a relatively natural behavior which is Nothing} arguments or fields. To represent missing data in the statistical sense (NA in R or NULL in SQL), use the missing object. See the Missing Values section for more details. In some languages, the