Web 前端应用实际接受 • 有后端应用潜力，但更多具体疑问仍待解答 • 问题集中在扩展特性（features）、外部语言接口（FFI）、 操作系统界面（system interfaces 或 WASI）上 WASM 后端应用先驱 wasmCloud （CNCF-Sandbox） fermyon/spin WasmEdge （CNCF-Sandbox） • 多数特性已标准化 • 一些特性对后端应用 交换缓冲区和高级数据结构的方法各有不一 WASM 外部语言接口（FFI） • WASI (WebAssembly System Interface) • 用于允许 WASM 代码调用操作系统的能力 （stdout、socket这些） • 目前处在 0.2 预览版 • 功能缺口和争议都很大 WASM 系统接口（WASI） WASM 应用于后端的构想初步存在 但具体的挑战非常巨大 Kubernetes • 平衡代码尺寸和性能 • 按照 WASM 基础规范设计的 FFI 外部语言接口（支持对外 调用和外部回调） • 直接对接 WASM 扩展（例：wasm-gc target） • 直接对接 WASI 系统接口标准 MoonBit 作为 WASM 原生语言的作用 新语言对 WASM 后端技术栈的意义 • 封装，或者说“过顶”开发思路（OTT，over the top） • 有限使用 WASM

result is 3 47.2. WASI Zig's support for WebAssembly System Interface (WASI) is under active development. Example of using the standard library and reading command line arguments: wasi_args.zig 1 const {s}\n", .{ i, arg }); 11 } 12 } Shell $ zig build-exe wasi_args.zig -target wasm32-wasi Shell $ wasmtime wasi_args.wasm 123 hello 0: wasi_args.wasm 1: 123 2: hello A more interesting example would list of preopens from the runtime. This is now supported in the standard library via std.fs.wasi.PreopenList : wasi_preopens.zig 1 const std = @import("std"); 2 const fs = std.fs; 3 4 pub fn main() !void

The result is 3 WASI Zig's support for WebAssembly System Interface (WASI) is under active development. Example of using the standard library and reading command line arguments: wasi_args.zig const print("{}: {s}\n", .{ i, arg }); } } Shell $ zig build-exe wasi_args.zig -target wasm32-wasi Shell $ wasmtime wasi_args.wasm 123 hello 0: wasi_args.wasm 1: 123 2: hello A more interesting example would list of preopens from the runtime. This is now supported in the standard library via std.fs.wasi.Preopens : wasi_preopens.zig const std = @import("std"); const fs = std.fs; pub fn main() !void { var

from C Header File C Pointers Exporting a C Library Mixing Object Files WebAssembly Freestanding WASI Targets Style Guide Whitespace Names Examples Source Encoding Keyword Reference Keyword: pub elfiamcu, tvos, watchos, mesa3d, contiki, amdpal, hermit, hurd, wasi, emscripten, zen, uefi, }; pub const Arch = union(enum) { arm: Arm32, armeb: The result is 3 WASI Zig's support for WebAssembly System Interface (WASI) is under active development. Example of using the standard library and reading command line arguments: wasi.zig const std =

instance.exports.add; add(1, 2); }); $ node test.js The result is 3 WASI Zig's support for WebAssembly System Interface (WASI) is under active development. Example of using the standard library and std.debug.print("{}: {s}\n", .{ i, arg }); } } $ zig build-exe args.zig -target wasm32-wasi $ wasmtime args.wasm 123 hello 0: args.wasm 1: 123 2: hello A more interesting example would be This is now supported in the standard library via std.fs.wasi.PreopenList: preopens.zig const std = @import("std"); const PreopenList = std.fs.wasi.PreopenList; pub fn main() !void { var general_purpose_allocator

The result is 3 WASI Zig's support for WebAssembly System Interface (WASI) is under active development. Example of using the standard library and reading command line arguments: wasi.zig const std = std.debug.warn("{}: {}\n", .{i, arg}); } } $ zig build-exe wasi.zig -target wasm32-wasi $ wasmer run wasi.wasm 123 hello 0: wasi.wasm 1: 123 2: hello Targets Zig supports generating code for all

add; 10 add(1, 2); 11 }); Shell 1 $ node test.js 2 The result is 3 WASI Zig's support for WebAssembly System Interface (WASI) is under active development. Example of using the standard library and print("{}: {s}\n", .{ i, arg }); 11 } 12 } Shell 1 $ zig build-exe args.zig -target wasm32-wasi Shell 1 $ wasmtime args.wasm 123 hello 2 0: args.wasm 3 1: 123 4 2: hello A more interesting is now supported in the standard library via std.fs.wasi.PreopenList : preopens.zig 1 const std = @import("std"); 2 const PreopenList = std.fs.wasi.PreopenList; 3 4 pub fn main() !void { 5 var

add; 10 add(1, 2); 11 }); Shell 1 $ node test.js 2 The result is 3 WASI Zig's support for WebAssembly System Interface (WASI) is under active development. Example of using the standard library and print("{}: {s}\n", .{ i, arg }); 11 } 12 } Shell 1 $ zig build-exe args.zig -target wasm32-wasi Shell 1 $ wasmtime args.wasm 123 hello 2 0: args.wasm 3 1: 123 4 2: hello A more interesting is now supported in the standard library via std.fs.wasi.PreopenList : preopens.zig 1 const std = @import("std"); 2 const PreopenList = std.fs.wasi.PreopenList; 3 4 pub fn main() !void { 5 var

instance.exports.add; add(1, 2); }); $ node test.js The result is 3 WASI Zig's support for WebAssembly System Interface (WASI) is under active development. Example of using the standard library and std.debug.print("{}: {}\n", .{ i, arg }); } } $ zig build-exe args.zig -target wasm32-wasi $ wasmtime args.wasm 123 hello 0: args.wasm 1: 123 2: hello A more interesting example would be This is now supported in the standard library via std.fs.wasi.PreopenList: preopens.zig const std = @import("std"); const PreopenList = std.fs.wasi.PreopenList; pub fn main() !void { var general_purpose_allocator

elfiamcu, tvos, watchos, mesa3d, contiki, amdpal, hermit, hurd, wasi, zen, uefi, }; pub const Arch = union(enum) { arm: Arm32, armeb: Arm32, aarch64: