Firebird Internals Inside a Firebird Database Norman Dunbar Version 1.2, 13 August 2021 Table of Contents 1. Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2. Database Structure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3. Standard Database Page Header. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4. Database Header Page — Type 0x01

Firebird Database Housekeeping Utility Norman Dunbar, Mark Rotteveel Version 2.1, 13 November 2023 Table of Contents 1. Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 5. Set Database Page Buffers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 8. Changing The Database Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 9. Setting The Database Dialect . . . . .

...... 20 Connecting to an existing database ................................................................................................ 22 Creating a database using isql ........................ .......................................................................... 28 How to corrupt a database ............................................................................................... 4. Firebird 2.0 and 2.1 Quick Start 4 The Firebird licenses Firebird is a free, open-source database management system, but “free” does not mean that everything is per- mitted. The use of Firebird

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 5.1.3. The security database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 6.2. Connecting to an existing database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 6.3. Creating a database using isql . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................................................... 13 Connecting to the sample database .................................................................................... 13 Server name ................................................................................. 14 Creating a database using isql .................................................................................... ................................................................................. 15 The CREATE DATABASE statement ...................................................................... 15 Performing a

5.1. DATABASE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 5.1.1. CREATE DATABASE . . . 104 5.1.2. ALTER DATABASE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 5.1.3. DROP DATABASE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353 7.6.3. Database Triggers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 13.3.1. “Upgrading” ib_udf functions in an existing database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 13.4. Being prepared for undesired higher, with NULLS LAST on ascending and NULLS FIRST on descending sorts. • If you open a pre-2.0 database with Firebird 2, it will show the old NULL ordering behaviour (that is: at the bottom, unless overridden that in every department except 120, there is at least one employee with a known salary in the database. Each department may contain NULL salaries; in dept. 120 all the salaries are NULL. You can find

5.1. DATABASE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 5.1.1. CREATE DATABASE . . . 79 5.1.2. ALTER DATABASE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 5.1.3. DROP DATABASE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266 7.5.3. Database Triggers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

........................................................................................... 12 Database Compatibility Among Models .................................................................... ........................................................................................... 27 Database Access ........................................................................................ that could lead to database corruptions or give them access to SYSDBA-only operations. This loophole has been closed, a change that could affect several existing applications, database tools and connectivity

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.5. Database information request. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 3. Databases 3.1. Attach Attachments to a database are done in two steps, first identification (connect) to the server, then attachment to a database. 3.1.1. Identification Performs the initial (op_attach) Int32 Version (CONNECT_VERSION2) Int32 Architecture type (e.g. arch_generic = 1). String Database path or alias Int32 Count of protocol versions understood (e.g. 1) Buffer User identification