exceptional conditions. Pros: The control flow of normal operation code is not cluttered by error- handling code. It also allows the control flow to skip multiple frames when a certain condition occurs nested functions in one step instead of having to carry-through error codes. Cons: May cause the control flow to be confusing. Easy to miss error cases when making library calls. 4 Decision: Exceptions must this: raise MyException('Error message') or raise MyException. Do not use the two-argument form (raise MyException, 'Error message') or deprecated string-based exceptions (raise 'Error message'). • Modules

virtual method calls in constructors, and avoid initialization that can fail if you can’t signal an error. It is possible to perform arbitrary initialization in the body of the constructor. • No need to virtual functions. If appropriate for your code , terminating the program may be an appropriate error handling response. Oth- erwise, consider a factory function or Init() method. Avoid Init() methods on syntax: class Foo { explicit Foo(int x, double y); ... }; void Func(Foo f); Func({42, 3.14}); // Error This kind of code isn’t technically an implicit conversion, but the language treats it as one as

not. Default is TRUE. # # Returns: # The sample covariance between x and y. n <- length(x) # Error handling if (n <= 1 || n != length(y)) { stop("Arguments x and y have different lengths: ", length(x)

Abedjan: Baran: Effective Error Correction via a Unified Context Representation and Transfer Learning. PVLDB 13(11) 2020  #13.3 Md Mahdavi et al: Raha: A Configuration-Free Error Detection System. SIGMOD Heidari, Joshua McGrath, Ihab F. Ilyas, Theodoros Rekatsinas: HoloDetect: Few-Shot Learning for Error Detection. SIGMOD 2019  #13.5 Theodoros Rekatsinas, Xu Chu, Ihab F. Ilyas, Christopher Ré: HoloClean: