mechanism Orthogonality again! Monday, October 18, 2010 Concurrency and closures 33 Goroutines, channels, stacks and closures Monday, October 18, 2010 The model 34 Go has native support for concurrent (axiomatic) - garbage collection (near axiomatic) To make it good, you need: - stack management - closures Monday, October 18, 2010 Stacks 38 Goroutines have "segmented stacks": go f() starts f() immediately } A common pattern, given channels as first-class values. Monday, October 18, 2010 Closures 40 Closures are just local functions func Compose(f, g func(x float) float) func(x

.......................143 6.8 Closures (function literals) ....................................................................................147 6.9 Applying closures: a function returning another function function .....................................150 6.10 Debugging with closures .....................................................................................153 6.11 Timing a function ....... custom package .............................................357 13.5 An error-handling scheme with closures ..............................................................360 13.6 Starting an external command

could use network channels or RPCs to make this a distributed, networked load balancer. (Although closures don't work across the network, RPCs help.) Friday, May 21, 2010 Friday, May 21, 2010 Conclusion

parameters into one or more assignments to the result parameters followed by a return. This permits defer closures to adjust the results after recovering from a panic. • Gccgo converts switch statements with cases

polymorphism through interfaces. value boxing and reflection through interfaces. pointers. function closures. methods. deferred function calls. type embedding. type deduction. memory safety. automatic garbage it can use the two variables directly. Such functions are called closures. In fact, all custom functions in Go can be viewed as closures. This is why Go functions are as flexible as many dynamic languages 2)) // false fmt.Println(isMultipleOf15(60)) // true } All functions in Go can be viewed as closures. This is why user experiences of all kinds of Go functions are so uniform and why Go functions are

polymorphism through interfaces. value boxing and reflection through interfaces. pointers. function closures. methods. deferred function calls. type embedding. type deduction. memory safety. automatic garbage it can use the two variables directly. Such functions are called closures. In fact, all custom functions in Go can be viewed as closures. This is why Go functions are as flexible as many dynamic languages 24 | fmt.Println(isMultipleOf15(60)) // true 25 | } All functions in Go can be viewed as closures. This is why user experiences of all kinds of Go functions are so uniform and why Go functions are

polymorphism through interfaces. value boxing and reflection through interfaces. pointers. function closures. methods. deferred function calls. type embedding. type deduction. memory safety. automatic garbage it can use the two variables directly. Such functions are called closures. In fact, all custom functions in Go can be viewed as closures. This is why Go functions are as flexible as many dynamic languages false 24| fmt.Println(isMultipleOf15(60)) // true 25| } All functions in Go can be viewed as closures. This is why user experiences of all kinds of Go functions are so uniform and why Go functions

Println(message) }() // Note the parentheses - must call the function. } In Go, function literals are closures: the implementation makes sure the variables referred to by the function survive as long as they This is almost never the desired behavior. What happens with closures running as goroutines? Some confusion may arise when using closures with concurrency. Consider the following program: func main() (true) loop.) Goroutines are (intended to be) cheap. Function literals (which Go implements as closures) can be useful with the go statement. var g int go func(i int) { s := 0 for j := 0; j < i;