Linux wangxiaodong@ouc.edu.cn http://www.tldp.org/LDP/intro-linux/html/sect_01_01.html Linux History n 1991年4月，芬兰赫尔辛基大学计算机系研究生Linus Torvalds开始为一个以后被称为 “Linux”的内核而工作。（后附Linus的邮件） n 1991年8月25日，Lin os.minix发表了Linux V0.01，约有 一万行代码。 n 1992年，全世界大约有1000个左右的人使用Linux，并有不少人提供初期的代码上载 和评论。 n 1993年，大约由100多个程序员参与内核代码修改，内核核心由5人组成，V0.99 约有 十万行代码。 n 1993年12月，Linux全球用户数约在10万左右。 n 1994年3月，Linux1.0问世，约有17万 0问世，约有17万行代码。它完全按自由免费的协议发布，源码 必须完全公开，之后很快Linux正式采用GPL协议。 n 1995年，Linux全球用户数大大超过50万， Linux已可在Intel、Digital和Sun SPARC 处理器上运行，Linux Journal杂志已发行了10万册。内核发展到1.2，约有25万行代 码。 Linux History n 第一篇Linux帖子 From: torvalds@klaava

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 18. Command Line Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . follows: As Apache ActiveMQ Artemis clients send commands to their servers they store each sent command in an in-memory buffer. In the case that connection failure occurs and the client subsequently reattachment protocol the server informs the client during reattachment with the id of the last command it successfully received from that client. If the client has sent more commands than were received

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 19. Command Line Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . follows: As Apache ActiveMQ Artemis clients send commands to their servers they store each sent command in an in-memory buffer. In the case that connection failure occurs and the client subsequently reattachment protocol the server informs the client during reattachment with the id of the last command it successfully received from that client. If the client has sent more commands than were received

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 19. Command Line Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . follows: As Apache ActiveMQ Artemis clients send commands to their servers they store each sent command in an in-memory buffer. In the case that connection failure occurs and the client subsequently reattachment protocol the server informs the client during reattachment with the id of the last command it successfully received from that client. If the client has sent more commands than were received

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 19. Command Line Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . follows: As Apache ActiveMQ Artemis clients send commands to their servers they store each sent command in an in-memory buffer. In the case that connection failure occurs and the client subsequently reattachment protocol the server informs the client during reattachment with the id of the last command it successfully received from that client. If the client has sent more commands than were received

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 19. Command Line Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . follows: As Apache ActiveMQ Artemis clients send commands to their servers they store each sent command in an in-memory buffer. In the case that connection failure occurs and the client subsequently reattachment protocol the server informs the client during reattachment with the id of the last command it successfully received from that client. If the client has sent more commands than were received

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 19. Command Line Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . follows: As Apache ActiveMQ Artemis clients send commands to their servers they store each sent command in an in-memory buffer. In the case that connection failure occurs and the client subsequently reattachment protocol the server informs the client during reattachment with the id of the last command it successfully received from that client. If the client has sent more commands than were received

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 18. Command Line Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . follows: As Apache ActiveMQ Artemis clients send commands to their servers they store each sent command in an in-memory buffer. In the case that connection failure occurs and the client subsequently reattachment protocol the server informs the client during reattachment with the id of the last command it successfully received from that client. If the client has sent more commands than were received

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 18. Command Line Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . follows: As Apache ActiveMQ Artemis clients send commands to their servers they store each sent command in an in-memory buffer. In the case that connection failure occurs and the client subsequently reattachment protocol the server informs the client during reattachment with the id of the last command it successfully received from that client. If the client has sent more commands than were received

left in place as-is. You should back up your existing broker instance before running the command. The command can be executed by running ./artemis upgrade from the new downloaded refreshed ones and then port any missing customisations you may have made as necessary. The upgrade command itself will copy the older files it changes to an old-config-bkp. folder within the instance dir prior default broker behaviour. Manual update Alternatively, rather than using the upgrade helper command as outlined above, you can instead perform the update manually, following the general upgrading