. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 1.8 v0.19.0 (October 2, 2016) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 iii 1.8 2 Performance Enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397 2 Installation 399 2.1 Python version support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1174 29 rpy2 / R interface 1175 29.1 Transferring R data sets into Python . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

analysis toolkit, Release 0.24.0 2 CONTENTS CHAPTER ONE WHAT’S NEW IN 0.24.0 (JANUARY 25, 2019) Warning: The 0.24.x series of releases will be the last to support Python 2. Future feature releases will Series([1, 2, np.nan], dtype='Int64') In [2]: s Out[2]: (continues on next page) 3 pandas: powerful Python data analysis toolkit, Release 0.24.0 (continued from previous page) 0 1 1 2 2 NaN Length: In [3]: s + 1 Out[3]: 0 2 1 3 2 NaN Length: 3, dtype: Int64 # comparison In [4]: s == 1 \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\Out[4]: 0 True 1 False 2 False Length: 3, dtype:

Community tutorials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 2 User Guide 149 2.1 10 minutes to pandas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2021) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2764 5.1.4 What’s new in 1.3.0 (July 2, 2021) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2766 5.2 Version 1.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3205 5.11.3 Version 0.19.0 (October 2, 2016) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3208 5.12 Version 0.18 . .

Community tutorials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 2 User Guide 149 2.1 10 minutes to pandas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2021) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2766 5.1.5 What’s new in 1.3.0 (July 2, 2021) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2767 5.2 Version 1.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3207 5.11.3 Version 0.19.0 (October 2, 2016) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3210 5.12 Version 0.18 . .

Community tutorials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 2 User Guide 145 2.1 10 minutes to pandas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2684 x 5.1.3 What’s new in 1.3.0 (July 2, 2021) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2686 5.2 Version 1.2 . . . . 2016) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3122 5.11.3 Version 0.19.0 (October 2, 2016) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3125 5.12 Version 0.18 . .

Community tutorials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 2 User Guide 149 2.1 10 minutes to pandas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2855 5.1.1 What’s new in 1.4.2 (April 2, 2022) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2855 5.1.2 What’s new in 1.4.1 (February 2021) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2899 5.2.6 What’s new in 1.3.0 (July 2, 2021) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2901 5.3 Version 1.2 . . . .

Community tutorials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 2 User Guide 149 2.1 10 minutes to pandas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2859 x 5.1.3 What’s new in 1.4.2 (April 2, 2022) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2861 5.1.4 What’s new in 1.4.1 (February 2021) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2904 5.2.6 What’s new in 1.3.0 (July 2, 2021) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2906 5.3 Version 1.2 . . . .

To the development guide CONTENTS 1 pandas: powerful Python data analysis toolkit, Release 1.0.0 2 CONTENTS CHAPTER ONE WHAT’S NEW IN 1.0.0 (JANUARY 29, 2020) These are the changes in pandas 1.0 [1]: df = pd.DataFrame({"A": [1, 2, 3], "B": [1, 2, 3]}, index=['a', 'a', 'b']) In [2]: print(df.to_markdown()) | | A | B | |:---|----:|----:| | a | 1 | 1 | | a | 2 | 2 | | b | 3 | 3 | 1.3 Experimental nullable integer dtype: In [3]: s = pd.Series([1, 2, None], dtype="Int64") In [4]: s Out[4]: 0 1 1 2 2 Length: 3, dtype: Int64 In [5]: s[2] Out[5]: Compared to np.nan, pd.NA behaves differently

what’s in the library. CONTENTS 1 pandas: powerful Python data analysis toolkit, Release 0.25.1 2 CONTENTS CHAPTER ONE WHAT’S NEW IN 0.25.0 (JULY 18, 2019) Warning: Starting with the 0.25.x series 9.5, 34.0], ...: 'weight': [7.9, 7.5, 9.9, 198.0]}) ...: In [2]: animals Out[2]: kind height weight 0 cat 9.1 7.9 1 dog 6.0 7.5 2 cat 9.5 9.9 (continues on next page) 3 pandas: powerful Python \\\Out[3]: ˓→ min_height max_height average_weight kind cat 9.1 9.5 8.90 dog 6.0 34.0 102.75 [2 rows x 3 columns] Pass the desired columns names as the **kwargs to .agg. The values of **kwargs should

what’s in the library. CONTENTS 1 pandas: powerful Python data analysis toolkit, Release 0.25.0 2 CONTENTS CHAPTER ONE WHAT’S NEW IN 0.25.0 (JULY 18, 2019) Warning: Starting with the 0.25.x series 9.5, 34.0], ...: 'weight': [7.9, 7.5, 9.9, 198.0]}) ...: In [2]: animals Out[2]: kind height weight 0 cat 9.1 7.9 1 dog 6.0 7.5 2 cat 9.5 9.9 3 dog 34.0 198.0 (continues on next page) 3 pandas: \\\Out[3]: ˓→ min_height max_height average_weight kind cat 9.1 9.5 8.90 dog 6.0 34.0 102.75 [2 rows x 3 columns] Pass the desired columns names as the **kwargs to .agg. The values of **kwargs should