Numerous marine molluscs, including both gastropods and bivalves, show phenotypicplasticity in their shell morphology in response to predation risk (Appleton & Palmer1988, Trussell & Smith 2000, Bourdeau selection stressor that produces particular prey phenotypes, such as thicker and heavier shells, round shell shape, and lower growth rate (Leonard et al. 1999,Trussell & Nicklin 2002, Hollander & Butlin 2010 their shell morphology in response to predation risk. Predation can act as a directional selection pressure, resulting in specific prey phenotypes, such as thicker and heavier shells, rounder shell shapes

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