transparently insert security visibility + enforcement, but does so in a way that is based on service / pod / container identity (in contrast to IP address identification in traditional systems) and can filter paths include with and without service load- balancing and various network policy combinations. The pod name indicates the connectivity variant and the readiness and liveness gate indicates success or failure 65s pod-to-a-79546bc469-rl2qq 1/1 Running 0 66s pod-to-a-allowed-cnp-58b7f7fb8f-lkq7p 1/1 Running 0 66s pod-to-a-de

transparently insert security visibility + enforcement, but does so in a way that is based on service / pod / container identity (in contrast to IP address identification in traditional systems) and can filter this: ♻ Restarted unmanaged pod kube-system/event-exporter-gke-564fb97f9- rv8hg ♻ Restarted unmanaged pod kube-system/kube-dns-6465f78586-hlcrz ♻ Restarted unmanaged pod kube-system/kube-dns-autoscaler- Restarted unmanaged pod kube-system/l7-default-backend-7fd66b8b88- qqhh5 ♻ Restarted unmanaged pod kube-system/metrics-server-v0.3.6- 7b5cdbcbb8-kjl65 ♻ Restarted unmanaged pod kube-system/stackdr

transparently insert security visibility + enforcement, but does so in a way that is based on service / pod / container identity (in contrast to IP address identification in traditional systems) and can filter paths include with and without service load- balancing and various network policy combinations. The pod name indicates the connectivity variant and the readiness and liveness gate indicates success or failure 67s pod-to-a-allowed-cnp-87b5895c8-bfw4x 1/1 Running 0 68s pod-to-a-b76ddb6b4-2v4kb 1/1 Running 0 68s pod-to-a-denie

transparently insert security visibility + enforcement, but does so in a way that is based on service / pod / container identity (in contrast to IP address identification in traditional systems) and can filter this: ♻ Restarted unmanaged pod kube-system/event-exporter-gke-564fb97f9- rv8hg ♻ Restarted unmanaged pod kube-system/kube-dns-6465f78586-hlcrz ♻ Restarted unmanaged pod kube-system/kube-dns-autoscaler- Restarted unmanaged pod kube-system/l7-default-backend-7fd66b8b88- qqhh5 ♻ Restarted unmanaged pod kube-system/metrics-server-v0.3.6- 7b5cdbcbb8-kjl65 ♻ Restarted unmanaged pod kube-system/stackdr

transparently insert security visibility + enforcement, but does so in a way that is based on service / pod / container identity (in contrast to IP address identification in traditional systems) and can filter paths include with and without service load- balancing and various network policy combinations. The pod name indicates the connectivity variant and the readiness and liveness gate indicates success or failure 4m50s pod-to-a-59b5fcb7f6-gq4hd 1/1 Running 0 4m50s pod-to-a-allowed-cnp-55f885bf8b-5lxzz 1/1 Running 0 4m50s pod-to-a-ext

transparently insert security visibility + enforcement, but does so in a way that is based on service / pod / container identity (in contrast to IP address identification in traditional systems) and can filter for the TLS certificates between etcd peers to work correctly, a DNS reverse lookup on a pod IP must map back to pod name. If you are using CoreDNS, check the CoreDNS ConfigMap and validate that in-addr.arpa listed as wildcards next to cluster.local. You can validate this by looking up a pod IP with the host utility from any pod: host 10.60.20.86 86.20.60.10.in-addr.arpa domain name pointer cilium-etcd- 972nprv9dp

Kubernetes Endpoint Lifecycle Troubleshoo�ng Monitoring & Metrics Exported Metrics Cilium as a Kubernetes pod Cilium as a host-agent on a node Troubleshoo�ng Component & Cluster Health Connec�vity Problems Policy transparently insert security visibility + enforcement, but does so in a way that is based on service / pod / container iden�ty (in contrast to IP address iden�fica�on in tradi�onal systems) and can filter on official Kubernetes documenta�on [h�ps://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/independent/create-cluster- kubeadm/#pod-network]. Standard Installation This guides takes you through the steps required to set up Cilium

sk_msg。记录本地应用之间通信的socket，实现本地数据包的加速转发 加速同节点pod间通信 cilium 使用 eBPF 程序，借助 bpf_redirect() 或 bpf_redirect_peer() 等 helper 函数，快速帮助同宿主机间 的流量转发，节省了大量的内核协议栈 处理流程 pod 1 process kernel network stack raw pod 2 veth process kernel < 5.10 tailCall-> to-container: redirect kernel >= 5.10 redirect_peer routing veth veth kernel network stack node 加速跨节点pod间通信 pod在跨节点通 信的场景下， 借助 eBPF redirect 能力，帮 助数据包在主机物 理网卡和pod虚拟 网卡之间快速转发， 能够完全 bypass 内核协议族的处理。 在某测试场景下， 跨节点间的 pod 通 信的 tcp 性能，比 node间应用通信的 tcp 性能还稍高 woker node2 woker node1 pod1 process kernel network stack

的一个常见用法，比如我们使用 kube-state- metrics 来采集 Kubernetes 各个对象的指标数据，其中针对 pod 有个指标是 kube_pod_labels，会把 pod 的一些信息放到这个指标的标签里，指标值是1，相当于一个元信 息，比如： kube_pod_labels{ [...] label_name="frontdoor", label_version="1 namespace="default", pod="frontdoor-xxxxxxxxx-xxxxxx", } = 1 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 假设某个 Pod 是接入层的，统计了很多 HTTP 请求相关的指标，我们想统计 的请求数量， 希望能按 Pod 的 version 画一个饼图。这里有个难点：接入层这个 Pod 没有 version 标签， version 信息只是出现在 kube_pod_labels 中，如何让二者联动呢？上答案： sum( rate(http_request_count{code=~"^(?:5..)$"}[5m])) by (pod) * on (pod) group_left(label_version)

GITOPS CONTROL PLANE 工作 工作负载 负载 1.1. 将 GITOPS CONTROL PLANE 工作负载移到基础架构节点 1.2. 将 GITOPS OPERATOR POD 移到基础架构节点 1.3. 其他资源 3 3 4 6 目 目录 录 1 Red Hat OpenShift GitOps 1.13 基 基础 础架 架构节 构节点上的 点上的 GitOps 单独的维护和管理 您可以使用 OpenShift Container Platform 在基础架构节点上运行 GitOps control plane 工作负载。默认 情况下，这包括 Operator pod 和由 openshift-gitops 命名空间中的 Red Hat OpenShift GitOps Operator 创建的 control plane 工作负载，包括此命名空间中的默认 Argo 命名空间中的基础架构节点上，请点击任何 pod 名称，并确保已添加了 Node selector 和 Tolerations。 注意 注意 在默认 Argo CD CR 中手动添加节 节点 点选择 选择器 器和 Tolerations 都会被 GitOpsService CR 中 的切换和容限覆盖。 1.2. 将 GITOPS OPERATOR POD 移到基础架构节点 您可以将 GitOps