Firebird 4.0 Language Reference Dmitry Filippov, Alexander Karpeykin, Alexey Kovyazin, Dmitry Kuzmenko, Denis Simonov, Paul Vinkenoog, Dmitry Yemanov, Mark Rotteveel Version 2.10, 15 December 2023 pull request with the necessary changes. Preface 1 Table of Contents 1. About the Firebird 4.0 Language Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 2. SQL Language Structure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Firebird 2.5 Language Reference Dmitry Filippov, Alexander Karpeykin, Alexey Kovyazin, Dmitry Kuzmenko, Denis Simonov, Paul Vinkenoog, Dmitry Yemanov Version 1.16, 15 December 2023 The source of much topics concerning Firebird’s SQL language written by members of the Russian-speaking community of Firebird developers and users. In 2014, it culminated in a language reference manual, in Russian. At of the Firebird Documentation Project. Preface 1 Table of Contents 1. About the Firebird SQL Language Reference: for Firebird 2.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

слова; • Типы и подтипы данных; • Операторы DDL (Data Definition Language — язык создания данных); • Операторы DML (Data Manipulation Language — язык обращения с данными); • Операторы управления транзакциями; документ доступен по адресу https://www.firebirdsql.org/ file/documentation/reference_manuals/firebird-language-reference-30-rus.pdf Кроме того, данный документ выложен в различных форматах на сайте ibase.ru (I <= 5) DO BEGIN SELECT LANGUAGE_REQ[:I] FROM JOB WHERE (JOB_CODE = :CODE) AND (JOB_GRADE = :GRADE) AND (JOB_COUNTRY = :CTY) AND (LANGUAGE_REQ IS NOT NULL)) INTO :LANGUAGES;

and other formats (CSV can be imported into spreadsheets and other tools) ■ R plugin (GNU R is a language and environment for statistical computing) 2 Pros and Cons of the Current Format Pros: ● Human in R/CRAN ○ Drawback: special purpose programming language, unsuitable outside statistics ● Case for Python: General-purpose, hugely popular programming language with an extensive set of libraries; emerging emerging as integration platform and preferred programming environment for many scientists ○ Drawback: statistical functionality is limited compared to R, but satisfactory for our purposes 18 Comparison:

Database .............................................................................. 5 2. The SQL Language ............................................................................................ 7 2 ................................................................................ 22 II. The SQL Language ............................................................................................... ............................................................................... 979 V. Server Programming ..............................................................................................

.................................................................................. 5 2. The SQL Language ............................................................................................... ................................................................................ 23 II. The SQL Language ............................................................................................... .............................................................................. 1031 V. Server Programming ..............................................................................................

Database .............................................................................. 5 2. The SQL Language ............................................................................................ 7 2 ................................................................................ 24 II. The SQL Language ............................................................................................... .............................................................................. 1067 V. Server Programming ............................................................................................. 1069

.................................................................................. 5 2. The SQL Language ............................................................................................... ................................................................................ 26 II. The SQL Language ............................................................................................... .............................................................................. 1125 V. Server Programming ..............................................................................................

Database .............................................................................. 5 2. The SQL Language ............................................................................................ 7 2 ................................................................................ 24 II. The SQL Language ............................................................................................... .............................................................................. 1034 V. Server Programming ............................................................................................. 1036

.................................................................................. 5 2. The SQL Language ............................................................................................... ................................................................................ 26 II. The SQL Language ............................................................................................... .............................................................................. 1089 V. Server Programming ..............................................................................................